二维弹道修正弹及其制导控制技术综述

针对二维弹道修正弹这类具有广泛应用前景的智能弹药,综述了二维弹道修正弹的发展、主要修正机构方案及其制导控制技术。对二维弹道修正弹的研制历程进行总结,梳理发展脉络揭示其发展规律,分析二维修正弹的打击任务。对几种主流修正方案进行讨论,分析各机构的作用特点及研究难点。基于二维弹道修正弹打击任务需求,从气动辨识及状态估计算法、修正机构参数优化设计算法和制导律三个方面总结其控制技术的发展现状。着重介绍近年来发展迅猛的智能算法,特别是神经网络理论在二维修正弹控制算法领域的研究应用。进一步指出二维弹道修正弹的控制研究需解决的主要技术难点和未来发展方向,为二维弹道修正的设计提供思路。     

数值模拟气液针栓式火箭发动机喷雾燃烧对声学激励的响应

为研究气液针栓式火箭发动机的声学振荡特性并为其优化设计提供指导,加工了具有矩形燃烧室的LOX/GCH₄针栓式发动机,采用Euler-Lagrange方法仿真横向速度扰动产生的声学响应,以期在热试前了解声学激励频率对非稳态喷雾燃烧过程的影响。仿真结果表明,采用的横向速度扰动能在燃烧室内产生同频率的一阶横向声学振荡响应。喷雾燃烧对声学激励的响应强弱受扰动频率与燃烧室一阶横向振荡模态固有频率的相对大小影响较大。当扰动频率与该固有频率相等时,压力和燃烧释热随速度扰动出现同相振荡,压力振荡幅值显著增高导致燃烧室前半段的喷雾和火焰同步摆动;同时,燃烧室内存在扩散燃烧变为预混燃烧的趋势,甲烷在更短的距离内燃烧完全且燃烧室温度趋于均匀。     

二语熟练度及语言使用特征对双语者抑制控制能力的影响

本文考察双语者二语熟练程度及不同语言使用特征对其抑制控制能力影响的差异。根据二语的熟练程度将被试分为熟练双语者组和不熟练双语者组,在熟练组和不熟练组中根据不同的语言使用特征划分为以口语为主和以阅读为主的两个被试组。所有被试都参与Stroop任务、Simon任务和Flanker任务。结果发现:熟练度高的双语者在三种任务中均表现出了优势反应。说明二语熟练程度对双语者的抑制控制能力有着促进作用;在不同语言使用特征组中,两组被试在simon任务与stroop任务中表现无显著差异,但表现出明显的CA效应。表明二语熟练度影响双语者的抑制控制能力;语言使用特征的不同对双语者的抑制控制能力无显著影响。     

【专题】从系统工程视角看无人机自主控制系统

提升无人机的自主控制能力可有效提高无人机在复杂对抗环境下的作战性能。系统工程是指导复杂系统研制的有效手段,采用系统的思维方法,关注系统的整体效能优化实现。系统工程覆盖复杂工程型号生命周期的全流程活动,包括概念论证、工程开发、生产制造、使用服役、综合保障以及系统退出等过程,能够为系统开发中各工程技术的应用,跨专业工程合作以及项目管理建立切实的技术路径。无人机外部应用背景环境与内部体系结构相互交联,是一个典型的“系统之系统”（System of Systems）。无人机自主控制系统是跨域、跨平台的复杂“系统之系统”。本文从系统复杂性出发,介绍了无人机系统组成、自主控制系统以及无人机自主能力等级,以期为无人机自主控制技术的发展提供参考和借鉴。     

基于打击链的智能武器风险分析与控制方法研究

打击链是分析武器和系统等作战要素有效性的一种方法。针对当前智能武器概念缺乏一致定义的问题,本文提出了基于打击链作战方式的智能武器判定方法。针对智能武器认定困难引发的军控措施争论,分析了智能武器两方面的失控风险:人失去对自主武器的控制权与自主武器本身存在不可控因素和缺陷;以及智能武器的问责困境:如何在指挥者、编程者与智能武器之间分配责任。在此基础上,思考了智能武器在未来战争体系对抗中的使用模式,提出了智能武器的风险控制与军备控制方法方面的建议,包括"武器+AI"与"AI+武器"模式探讨、限制智能武器作用域、智能武器应内嵌物理限制系统、限制智能武器的训练数据以及国防采办过程控制等。     

Finite-time tracking control and vibration suppression based on the concept of virtual control force for flexible two-link space robot

The dynamic modeling, finite-time trajectory tracking control and vibration suppression of a flexible two-link space robot are studied. Firstly, the dynamic model of the system is established by combining Lagrange method with assumed mode method. In order to ensure that the base attitude and the joints of space robot can reach the desired positions within a limited time, a non-singular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) controller is designed, which realizes the finite-time convergence of the trajectory tracking errors. Subsequently, for the sake of suppressing the vibrations of flexible links, a hybrid tra-jectory based on the concept of the virtual control force is developed, which can reflect the flexible modes and the trajectory tracking errors simultaneously. By modifying the original control scheme, a NFTSM hybrid controller is proposed. The hybrid control scheme can not only realized attitude stabili-zation and trajectory tracking of joints in finite time, but also provide a new method of vibration sup-pression. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed hybrid control strategy.     

Barrier Lyapunov functions-based dynamic surface control with tracking error constraints for ammunition manipulator electro-hydraulic system

This paper focuses on the dynamic tracking control of ammunition manipulator system. A standard state space model for the ammunition manipulator electro-hydraulic system (AMEHS) with inherent non-linearities and uncertainties considered was established. To simultaneously suppress the violation of tracking error constraints and the complexity of differential explosion, a barrier Lyapunov functions-based dynamic surface control (BLF-DSC) method was proposed for the position tracking control of the ammunition manipulator. Theoretical analysis prove the stability of the closed-loop overall system and the tracking error converges to a prescribed neighborhood asymptotically. The effectiveness and dynamic tracking performance of the proposed control strategy is validated via simulation and experi-mental results.     

Quasi-steady aerodynamic characteristics of Terminal Sensitive Bullets with short cylindrical portion

The aerodynamic characteristics are vital for short cylindrical Terminal Sensitive Bullets(TSB)with low aspect ratio,especially in terminal trajectory.Currently,there is little research in terms of the TSB and short cylinder with two free ends,and particularly in this trajectory,where the scanning angle β and roll angle α vary over a broad range between 0° and 180°.In this work,wind tunnel experiments are first conducted to learn the effects of Reynolds number and scanning angle on aerodynamic parameters for short cylinder with aspect ratio L/D = 1.Similar to infinite cylinder,for the short cylinder with two free ends,the drag crisis phenomenon still exists in the critical regime 1.7 × 105 ≤ Re ≤ 6.8 × 105.Then 3D simulations are performed to demonstrate the aerodynamic characteristics of short cylinder and TSB over a broad range of Re,L/D,α and β.The sensitivity analysis of time step and grid are presented as well.When β=0°,for short cylinder,the drag crisis phenomenon was also observed in the simulation,but not as obvious as in the wind tunnel test.In some attitudes,there is an obvious Kármán vortex in the wake of short cylinder and TSB.The correlation between time-averaged aerodynamic coefficients and L/D,Re,α&β is discussed.The vortex shedding frequency and shear layer behavior are obtained for quasi-steady and unsteady flow.Finally,the effect of end's shape on drag reduction and vortex shedding frequency is analyzed.     

水下声探测系统载体振动干扰分析及抑制方法

针对水下探测系统载体振动对目标回波信号的微多普勒特征谱产生干扰的问题,从干扰产生的基本原理出发,推导了干扰的近似乘性表达式。在获取振动干扰数据的条件下,提出了针对乘性干扰的干扰抑制算法,并针对推导干扰乘性表达式时的近似条件,分析了近似算法带来的误差。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效抑制水下探测系统平台振动对目标回波信号的微多普勒特征谱产生的干扰,并且在绝大多数情况下,由算法带来的误差可以忽略不计。     

具有可控细节层次的阴影空间新算法

首先阐述了阴影空间算法 ,然后对基于层次结构化包围盒和光线投射技术的阴影空间新算法进行了详细地研究。采用本算法可使生成的阴影效果具有可控细节层次。